Department of Educational Foundations,Management and Lifelong Learning
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Browsing Department of Educational Foundations,Management and Lifelong Learning by Author "Raphael, Christina"
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Item A Critical Review of e-Learning Research Trends in Tanzania(Journal of Learning for Development - JLD4, 2018) Mtebe, Joel; Raphael, ChristinaThis study investigated research trends on eLearning implementation in Tanzania from 2007 to 2017. A total of 74 articles from electronic databases, conference proceedings, and selected electronic journals were reviewed. Using content analysis, the study found that there is an increasing interest in eLearning research with the majority of studies conducted by researchers from three universities. Students was found to be the most studied population group while quantitative research design being the most preferred research design. It was also revealed that mobile and game based learning were the least investigated eLearning technologies despite the proliferation of mobile telephony in Tanzania. Internet access and lack of support were the most ranked challenges hindering eLearning implementation in Tanzania. This study will also help policy makers to promote further research in areas where the research gaps have been identified and find interventions to overcome barriers that hinder eLearning implementation in Tanzania.Item A decade of technology enhanced learning at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Challenges, achievements, and opportunities(International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 2017) Mtebe, Joel S.; Raphael, ChristinaFor a decade past, integration of technology in teaching and learning has been received with both apprehension and skeptism from academics and student majority at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). The study recounts real, professional and practical experiences, challenges, and opportunities of integrating educational technologies using available official documents and reports covering real practical experience in the period of ten years at UDSM . The study identifies gaps th at need to be worked upon to unleash full potentials brought by educational technologies at the university. The study recommends more support to early adopters committed to initiating blended learning programs, strengthening and expanding existing blended distance programs as well as seeding new ones and building capacity in developing and testing more reliable blended distance program innovations.Item Eliciting in-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge for 21st century skills in Tanzania.(Journal of Learning for Development, 2018) Mtebe, Joel; Raphael, ChristinaThe Tanzania Vision 2025 articulates the country's aspiration of becoming an industrialized and middle-income country by 2025. The education sector, which is the main driving force towards realizing this goal, is expected to bring about the right mix of high-quality skills for the rapid development of quality and adequate human resources. The kind of revolution needed is nevertheless impossible if teachers are not equipped with the necessary skills to bring in the desirable changes. This study adapted Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for 21st-Century skills to investigate teachers’ competence levels of 21st-Century skills using self-reported survey and classroom observations from a sample of 132 teachers in 20 schools in Pwani and Morogoro regions. The study found out that many teachers have moderate self-reported confidence in all TPACK elements with technology. Conversely, teachers self-reported confidence levels in content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge was found to be high. The findings from this study provides valuable insights on how teachers use ICT to prepare students for 21-Century skills capable of supporting the country’s efforts towards developing an industrial economyItem Instructor Support Services: An Inevitable Critical Success Factor in Blended Learning in Higher Education in Tanzania(IJEDICT, 2016) Raphael, Christina; Mtebe, Joel S.The adoption of blended learning to widen access, reduce cost, and improve the quality of education is becoming prevalent in higher education in sub-Saharan Africa and Tanzania in particular. University of Dar es Salaam and the Open University of Tanzania offer various blended learning courses using Moodle system via regional centres scattered across the country. Despite the success of these courses, instructors’ support has been unsatisfactory and habitually ignored regardless of the fact that institutions have established IT Units to provide such services. This study investigated the effectiveness of instructors’ support services as a major success factor to the delivery of blended courses using mixed method design using questionnaire and semistructured interviews from 65 instructors teaching blended learning courses at the University of Dar es Salaam and the Open University of Tanzania. The study revealed that lack of both technical and pedagogical support has been critical factors inhibiting instructors from facilitating blended courses effectively via the LMS. The findings from this study have a number of important lessons and implications for similar institutions running blended learning or wishing to implement blended learning specifically in sub-Saharan Africa.Item Pre - Service Teachers’ Self - Efficacy Beliefs Towards Educational Technologies Integration in Tanzania(Journal of Learning for Development, 2017) Raphael, Christina; Mtebe, Joel S.This study examines pre - service teachers’ (N = 386) self - efficacy beliefs towards educational technologies integration in the classroom at the two colleges in Tanzania that prepare secondary education teachers. Using regression analysis, the study found out that the determinants of self - efficacy beliefs among pre - service teachers towards educational technologies integration are support, perceived ease of use, performance expectancy, and social influence. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of factors that hinder teachers from integrating educational techn ologies into the classroom.Item Students Support Services: A Case of Blended Learning in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania(IGI Global, 2016) Raphael, ChristinaThis chapter examines challenges the higher learning institutions offering blended learning programmes in Tanzania face in enhancing student support services from administrative standpoint. Using interviews, documentary analysis, and observation as data gathering instruments, the chapter reveals that higher learning institutions face numerous student-support related challenges including poor Internet and narrow bandwidth, erratic electricity and lack of alternative power, computer illiteracy, scarcity of study materials including e-resources and the absence of affirmative institutional policies. The chapter contends that for blended learning programmes to remain viable, effective, and sustainable, students support services need to be carefully tailored and regularly evaluated. Further, thorough decisions need to be undertaken regarding the design and development of effective student support which are contextualised according to respective institutional needs.Item Students’ experiences and challenges of blended learning at the University(IJEDICT, 2013) Mtebe, Joel S.; Raphael, ChristinaRecent developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially eLearning, have heightened the need for University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) to upplement oncampus face-to-face delivery as well as meeting increased students’ enrolments through blended distance learning. Since 2008, the University has been offering three postgraduate programmes: Postgraduate Diploma in Education, Postgraduate Diploma in Engineering Management, and Master degree in Engineering via dedicated Learning Centres in Mwanza, Arusha, and Dar es Salaam. In total, 310 students have been enrolled into these programmes since 2008. However, the implementation of these programmes has resulted in mixed and unpredictable results. This paper reports on students’ experiences as well as challenges UDSM has been facing during the implementation of blended learning courses in Tanzania. The data were generated through documentary reviews and 22 responses from a questionnaire distributed to students enrolled into these programmes. The study has revealed outdated learning resources, unavailability of instructors during live online sessions, under-utilization of Learning Centres, and technical difficulties are the main factors that affect students from exceling well in blended learning programmes. These findings have a number of important lessons and implications for similar institutions running blended learning or wishing to implement blended learning specifically in developing countries.