Department of History, Political Science and Development Studies

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Browsing Department of History, Political Science and Development Studies by Author "Makulilo, Victoria"

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    Discontented Success of Higher Education Students’ Loans Scheme in Tanzania
    (African Review, 2014-11) Makulilo, Victoria
    In recent years there has been a strong belief among some practitioners and academicians that the students’ Loans scheme in Tanzania performs well. One of the indicators used to measure such performance is the increased enrolments of students. However, evaluating the loans scheme based on quantity is inadequate. Therefore, the present article evaluates the performance of the loans scheme based on its two main objectives namely assisting the poor to access higher education and creating a revolving fund. The article notes poor performance by the scheme. Two observations are evident. Firstly, many students from poor backgrounds are forsaken by private financing of higher education; and secondly, low rates of loan repayments and recovery make the idea of a revolving fund a paradox. The high built-in subsidies; and ineffectiveness of the Loans Board to reduce administrative costs and the rate of default are necessary ailments.
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    The Proliferation of Private Universities in Tanzania: Quality Compromised?
    (Wudpecker Journal of Education Research, 2012-10) Makulilo, Victoria
    University education has a significant contribution to development endeavors. Universities have to provide countries with highly qualified skilled labour and technological developments through researches. Most invariably skilled labour impacts to different national projects positively. It must be noted that the university education required to accommodate development projects successfully must be of high quality. The concept of quality can variably be assessed. The prominent four approaches have been used to assess the quality of education in particular. Such approaches are structural approach, processes approach, product-output approach, and legal and institutional approach. Tanzania introduced university education in 1970 with only one university, i.e. the University of Dar es Salaam. Before this time, Dar es Salaam University was the university college of East Africa as it were for Makerere University College of East Africa (Uganda) and Nairobi University College of East Africa (Kenya). After the adoption of liberal policies of private ownership, Tanzania is experiencing a proliferation of private universities alongside public universities. With emphasis on legal-institutional and structural approaches, this article argues that the quality of private universities in Tanzania is undermined greatly. The article recommends a proper review of education policies reflected in the role of universities by the government and private university owners.
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    Where is Socialism in Tanzania?
    (2012-05) Makulilo, Victoria
    After independence Tanzania adopted a socialist ideology,‘Ujamaa’.‘Ujamaa’ was a political decision to societal development. It is obvious majority poor were complacent to it. This made many Tanzanians to identify themselves as “wajamaa.” Nevertheless, the economic crisis of 1970s swayed Tanzania to adopt Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)1. SAPs are grounded in liberalism. This situation led Tanzania to a dilemma of having liberalism and abandoning socialism since the two ideologies are disputable and can never be applied at the same setting. Apparently, the socialist ideology is identified with Mwalimu J.K. Nyerere, the founder of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi1 (CCM). It is logical that to abandon “Ujamaa” is to illegitimise CCM from the majority Tanzanians. Instead, Tanzania decided to adopt the SAPs in 1980s and remain with Ujamaa on paper for legitimacy. In 1991 Zanzibar Resolution was drawn to entomb core values of “Ujamaa”.It is this particular event which is claimed as marking death of “Ujamaa” in practice. Mwl. Nyerere himself commented in 1993 that “Ujamaa” had been warped. Yet, CCM would argue for existence of “Ujamaa”. The bases for the argument are Article 9(j) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania 1977(URT Constitution) and Article 4(3) and 5(3) of the CCM Constitution 1977(CCM Constitution). This paper argues that Tanzania has currently a “myeloma” in ideology. And thus, it suffers a crisis. Its praxis is absent. Concomitantly, the praxis of liberalism through privatization policies and legislation is repugnant and thus unconstitutional. This leaves the general public confused. Moreover it makes investors lose confidence in business as a result. The paper recommends a wider debate involving all stakeholders be held in guiding the country to one clear direction on ideology.