Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

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The contribution of effective electronic record management to fight corruption: Evidence from selected public service offices in Tanzania.
(Standing Conference of Eastern, Central and Southern African Library and Information Associations- 2018, 2018) Manyerere, David; Manyerere, Juliana
It is undeniable fact that corruption practices in both public and private domains hinder the full realization of development of people in various aspects, in social, economic and political fronts. This paper attempts to show the contribution of effective electronic-record management systems to fight corruption in Tanzania particularly in hospitals, the judiciary and police force in order to ensure effective and efficient delivery of services. The paper is based on an extensive desk review of secondary data from relevant sources. The results show that there is a significant difference between the use of e-record management and its non-use in terms of addressing corruption practices done by public officials in the studied sectors. Special attribution is derived from the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices like Electronic Fiscal Devices (EFDs) machine, mobile telephones, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) systems and the like. This paper concludes that, in order to fight corruption, there is a need to establish and promote the use of electronic record management systems not only in hospitals, judiciary, police force, but also in all sectors of the economy within both public and private domains. This is essential to facilitate effective delivery of services to the citizens hence, address corruption practices. The study recommends further, that the government should take a leading role in terms of putting initiatives to ensure e-payment record management systems is adopted and used by all individuals as well as both public and private institutions throughout the country to promote sustainable socio-economic development.
Entering in and sustaining a career in male-dominated jobs: an examination of female security guards’ experiences in Iringa region, Tanzania
(Int. J. Gender Studies in Developing Societies, 2017) Manyerere, David; Poncian, Japhace
This paper studies challenges confronting women while seeking to enter and sustain a career in the booming male dominated private security companies (PSCs). It uses the socialist feminist approach and qualitative interviews with female and male security guards, and PSC managers in Iringa, Tanzania to show that women seeking employment in PSCs are constrained by sexual harassment and exploitation as well as having to secure consent of their spouses before they can take up the job offers. Similarly, for those who make it into the PSCs, challenges such as tight and long-hour shifts and sexual harassment and exploitation are part of their daily experiences at work. The strategies devised to address these challenges and/or cope with them are not helping women. Moreover, while some challenges are common to both men and women, their sexual differences and burdensome domestic chores make women more vulnerable than men.
Exploring the Role of Youth Volunteerism towards Achievement of Local Development Initiatives in Iringa, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal of Development Studies (TJDS), 2019) Manyerere, David
The concept of volunteerism is increasingly becoming a popular phenomenon in the contemporary world as it unveils how community members at local, national, or international levels support their respective societies, nations, and the world at large to achieve various development targets. The role of the youth—being an active and energetic cohort—in accelerating local development projects through volunteerism cannot be overemphasized. This paper explores the contribution of the youth cohort in Iringa region, Tanzania, in supporting various local development initiatives that have significant positive impact to their respective societies in the achievement of development initiatives in various projects. Primary data were collected through focus group discussions and key informant interviews techniques. The data were analysed using qualitative approach through the NVivo software. Findings demonstrate a clear and direct relationship between active youth participation in volunteerism activities and effective accomplishment of local development projects. Religious, school and community institutions were found to play a significant role to nurture the spirit of youth volunteerism. Notwithstanding challenges, youth volunteerism significantly facilitated the constructions of public infrastructures like hospitals, classrooms, and roads; as well as supporting the provision of various emergency services in their respective areas.
ICT and economic empowerment: analysing how youth in Tanzania use social media to facilitate income-generation activities
(UDSM, 2021-12) Manyerere, David
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has globally played a significant role in facilitating communication that assists various socio-economic undertakings. It presents an opportunity, especially to the youth in Africa, to utilise social media (SM) and contribute to attaining Sustainable Development Goals No 1 and No. 8, such as eradicating poverty and creating decent work. However, this may only happen if SM platforms are utilised appropriately. Hence, this article examined the uptake of ICT in the form of SM in facilitating Income Generating Activities (IGAs) undertaken by youth in Dar es Salaam Tanzania for self-economic empowerment. A total of 46 respondents from the region were purposively selected and interviewed. These involved youth, community residents and local government officers. Primary data were obtained through Face-to-face Key In-depth Interviews (KIIs)and secondary data from various reliable sources, including peer-reviewed articles. Data were collected and analysed through a qualitative approach using NVivo software (Version 12). Findings show that youths who effectively use SM in their day-to-day IGAs strengthened their economic undertakings and hence were economically empowered. SM accelerated the spread of relevant information between the youth and their customers and amongst the youth themselves. Notwithstanding such achievements, some youths misused SM due to negative perceptions while others failed to afford to buy smartphones or pay for the internet. The article recommends that youth who can afford access to SM should be mobilised and trained to emulate successful stories to facilitate effective undertakings of their IGA hence economically empowered. The study findings are crucial for youth and youth development stakeholders to improve strategies to promote SM use for youth economic empowerment.
Marginalised Groups’ Survival in an Informal Sector in Tanzania: An Examination of Networking Strategies among Touts ‘working’ at Bus Terminals in Dar es salaam City
(Tanzania Journal of Sociology, 2020-12) Manyerere, David
For a prolonged time, bus passengers condemn the touts in bus stands as distressing individuals. This perception is, being challenged by strong criticism, especially where the unemployment problem in the formal sector is rapidly increasing and poverty in most developing nations is extensively growing. Hence, making people choose informal jobs as the case of touts is apparent. Some scholars perceive the informal sector as a source of living and survival for the unemployed and young people not in the formal job. However, little is known about how touts as marginalised individuals survive in an informal sector setting such as bus terminals, where there are multiple working challenges. Primarily, this is due to data limitations about touts’ survival strategies in informal job. This research paper examines the networking strategies employed by touts in selected bus terminals - Temeke, Ubungo and Kimara in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to survive in the informal sector. The findings indicate that touts working in bus terminals are among the impoverished groups in the country. Touts’ economic survival in such an unsecured informal sector depends on the establishment of better social relations among themselves and their family members.
Social Capital: A Neglected Resource to create Viable and Sustainable Youth Economic Groups in Urban Tanzania
(Journal of Education and Practice, 2016) Manyerere, David
There has been an alarming increase in the rate of unemployment among active urban population in Tanzania whereby the youth are severely affected. In this regard Youth Economic Groups (YEGs) program was formed as one among the best alternative strategies to address this perennial problem. Membership in YEGs act as a means to complement youth abilities and strengths to accomplish their common goal of addressing unemployment problem, through facilitating access of financial, human and physical capital from various sources. This paper argues that the arrangement, in which YEGs program has been implemented, overlooks the pivotal role of social capital resource to ensure that youth undertake Income Generation Activities (IGAs) amicably and effectively. Most of previous research works on youth unemployment were focused on challenges related to financial, human and physical capital. Hence, very little attention has been paid on fact that YEGs are constituted by members with different socio-economic background whose behaviour and interests need to be harmonised by appropriate relations to achieve their common objectives. The paper contributes in filling that gap by drawing empirical evidence of YEGs in Kinondoni Municipal Council (KMC) and suggests how various forms of social capital can be nurtured to create and sustain viable Income Generation Groups (IGGs) in urban Tanzania so as to address the perennial unemployment problem facing the urban youth.
Unveiling the Role of Rural Social Networks in Facilitating Rural-Urban Migration and the Survival of Self-Employed Youth in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development, 2020-12-17) Manyerere, David
t Youth unemployment is a global challenge but more severe among developing countries such as Tanzania. In addressing the challenge, rural youth resort to migrating to urban areas in search of perceived vast economic opportunities. This paper explores how rural social networks facilitate youth rural-urban migration and migrants' survival in Iringa Municipality. It shows that cooperative values manifested in day to day socio-economic relations among village dwellers nurture long term social networks that are the potential to facilitate youth migration and their survival in urban areas. The paper unveils how earlier migrants support the newcomers to join them and access economic opportunities. They provide fare to travel, hosting assistance and connect them to urban income generation opportunities. As a survival strategy, youth migrants use their rural social relations to form economic groups to work together, exchange information about alternative sources of incomes as well as helping each other when faced with socio-economic crises. However, despite such accrued rural social networks benefits, some youth migrants fail to meet their expectations given urban life challenges as they earn insufficient income to cater for their basic needs. To avoid such urban vulnerability, the paper proposes some suggestions. Before migration, rural youth need to be informed to make proper decisions based on the correct information, and they should work hard while in the urban area to cope with a new working environment.
Unveiling the Role of Rural Social Networks in Facilitating Rural-Urban Migration and the Survival of Self-Employed Youth in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania
(Tanzania Journal for Population studies and Development, 2020-12-17) Manyerere, David; Manyerere, David
Youth unemployment is a global challenge but more severe among developing countries such as Tanzania. In addressing the challenge, rural youth resort to migrating to urban areas in search of perceived vast economic opportunities. This paper explores how rural social networks facilitate youth rural-urban migration and migrants' survival in Iringa Municipality. It shows that cooperative values manifested in day to day socio-economic relations among village dwellers nurture long term social networks that are the potential to facilitate youth migration and their survival in urban areas. The paper unveils how earlier migrants support the newcomers to join them and access economic opportunities. They provide fare to travel, hosting assistance and connect them to urban income generation opportunities. As a survival strategy, youth migrants use their rural social relations to form economic groups to work together, exchange information about alternative sources of incomes as well as helping each other when faced with socio-economic crises. However, despite such accrued rural social networks benefits, some youth migrants fail to meet their expectations given urban life challenges as they earn insufficient income to cater for their basic needs. To avoid such urban vulnerability, the paper proposes some suggestions. Before migration, rural youth need to be informed to make proper decisions based on the correct information, and they should work hard while in the urban area to cope with a new working environment
Youth Employment Creation Initiatives in Rural Iringa, Tanzania: An Examination of the Role Played by Family, Community and Local Government Institutions
(Ruaha Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (RUJASS), 2018) Manyerere, David
This article examines the role of the family, community and local government institutions in rural Iringa, Tanzania, to enable youth create viable self-employment opportunities. The study was carried out area in Iringa region where three rural district councils were involved. To obtain the data, interviews and FGDs instruments were employed. Qualitative approach was applied in data analysis. The study revealed that the institutions played a significant role to nurture youth positive socio-economic traits such as spirit of hard work and self-efficacy, trustworthiness, and resilience. For instance, through mobilising voluntary works and formulation of strict bylaws which force all village residents to engage in Income Generation Activities (IGAs), the institutions provided significant impetus towards youth adapting hardworking spirit in various self-employment activities. Moreover,, the study established that lack of designed youth programmes to install multiple socio-economic skills had a direct negative impact in terms of hindering youth to create sustainable IGAs. Despite the availability of abundant resources in the region, youth lacked training forums and reliable credit facilities that would empower them to initiate and manage sustainable IGAs. The article concludes that persistence youth unemployment in the region which is endowed with potential resources is somewhat manifestation of poor parental guidance and lack of benevolent leadership style. These would mentor youngsters on identifying multiple socioeconomic capabilities to strengthen youth knowledge and skills relevant to discover and utilise their individual talents. The study recommends that youth development actors in Iringa to cooperatively work hard to create potential forums and provide multiple forms of resources to create self-employment opportunities using available abundant natural resources found in the region.

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