Mushi, Aviti ThadeiSuwi, OwdeanJusto, Jackson John2023-11-252023-11-252023-11-23978-0-323-90989-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90989-1.00013-0https://repository.udsm.ac.tz/handle/123456789/6057A book chapter introducing the power system dynamics considering introduction of microgridsDepletion of fossil fuel, global warming, and environmental pollution clarify the importance of renewable energy sources (RESs). Renewable energy is derived from the Earth’s natural resources that are not finite or exhaustible, especially during human lifetime. Renewable resources include biomass energy (such as ethanol), microbial fuel cell [1], hydropower, geothermal power, wind energy, and solar energy [2]. Offline solar photovoltaic (PV) can power rural villages [3 5], or airports [6] at an equitable levelized cost of energy (LCOE) if the wind is not enough to give economies of scale [7 9].Book chapter