Tibazarwa, Flora I.Gereau, Roy E.Raven, Peter H.Sodhi, Navjot S.Gibson, Luke2016-09-212016-09-2120139781118679838http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/4085Full text can be accessed at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118679838.ch8/pdfIn this chapter, two conservation areas, Lake Natron and Kitulo Plateau, are used to exemplify the challenges and delineate best practices, with Kitulo presenting a notable example of conservation to be emulated. The chapter demonstrates the challenges to and opportunities for achieving sustainable development in Tanzania, based on two development projects. One is a soda ash extraction project and the other a dairy farm converted to a national park. In particular, the chapter focuses on the gray areas where benefits are considered losses and vice versa and the realities of striving towards a balance between development and conservation. Lake Natron and Kitulo National Park are protected for their biodiversity and conservation value under Tanzanian policies and legislation for natural resource management.enBiodiversityConservationKitulo PlateauLake Natron soda ash projectNatural resourceTanzaniaBook10.1002/9781118679838.ch8