Bahati, Victor2019-06-242019-06-242018-12-31Bahati, V.M. (2018) SIGNIFICANCE OF MANAGERIAL MONITORING EFFICACY ON PRINCIPAL- AGENT MONITORING OUTCOMES IN TANZANIA DISTRICT COUNCILS, ORSEA Journal Vol. 8 (2), pp 14-30 ISSN1821-7567, July - December 2018,1821-7567http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/5255The purpose of this study is to find out whether control and monitoring effectiveness in an entity has any significance on external audit reporting outcome. This study used 475 yearly observations from 95 district councils from 2011 to 2015. Data were analysed in a panel model that controls for time specific factors. This study found that when internal monitoring mechanisms are effective, they can predict the likelihood of an entity to receive a clean (qualified) audit opinion at 82 percent accuracy. Results further showed that effectiveness of control environment is very important if we take it alone or when it becomes effective in absence of an ineffective internal audit. However, there was no enough statistical significance on the direct effect of risk management or fraud prevention controls. Also, managers should plan and implement all controls to maximize possibility of getting a clean (unqualified) audit opinion in order to secure their positions. External auditors, on the other hand, should continue emphasizing on importance of internal monitoring and report any weakness if they find. They may encourage clients to at least strengthen control environment in case it happens that the internal audit is weak.engovernance, agency theory, local government, TanzaniaJournal Article, Peer Reviewed