Joseph, ChakupewaMaluka, Stephen2023-03-282023-03-282021http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/6022Background: Efforts to improve antenatal care have been heightened to reduce global maternal deaths. In resource- limited settings, community-based interventions play a pivotal role in improving antenatal care services. However, effective implementation of community-based interventions is influenced by prevailing community-related factors. Drawing from the community-based interventions implemented in Iringa Region in Tanzania, this paper underscores how community factors influence implementation and ultimate improvement of antenatal care services. Methods: A qualitative case study design was employed using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and document reviews. Data was collected in Kilolo and Mufindi districts in Iringa Region where community-based interventions were implemented. A total of one hundred and forty-six (146) participants were involved in the study. Eighty-six (86) participants were interviewed and sixty (n = 60) participated in focus group discussions. Data were ana- lysed thematically and manually by categorizing and coding emerging issues to facilitate analysis and interpretation. Results: Key factors that influenced the implementation of the community-based interventions were the commu- nity readiness to adopt the interventions and effective local administrative systems. Stakeholders’ engagement and local health system support were also pivotal for improving antenatal care services. However, the physical environ- ment, bullying of implementers of interventions and family-related challenges constrained the implementation of the interventions. Conclusion: This study has shown that the performance of community-based interventions is highly influenced by community-related factors. More specifically, inadequate community engagement may lead to community members’ reluctance to adopt implemented interventions. Therefore, in-depth understanding and adequate management of community engagement are important during the planning, development and implementation of community-based interventions.enAntenatal careCommunity-based interventionsContextual factorsTanzaniaJournal Article, Peer Reviewed