Department of Kiswahili Language and Linguistics
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Item Mitindo ya Lugha katika Tovuti za Serikali Nchini Tanzania na Athari zake katika Usambazaji wa Taarifa kwa Umma(TUKI, 2019) Kidami, Rhoda P.Tovuti ni miongoni mwa vyanzo vinavyotumiwa na serikali ya Tanzania kusambaza taarifa kwa jamii. Lugha rasmi, yaani Kiswahili na Kiingereza, ndizo zinazotumiwa kwa usambazaji huo. Baadhi ya tovuti zina sehemu ya kuchagua lugha, hivyo, mtumiaji ana uhuru wa kuchagua lugha mojawapo kati ya hizo mbili. Katika makala hii tumechunguza jinsi lugha hizo zinavyotumiwa kwa pamoja kusambaza taarifa kwa umma wa Tanzania na duniani kote kwa ujumla. Kurasa za Kiswahili na za Kiingereza zilizomo ndani ya tovuti moja zimechunguzwa na kubainisha mitindo ya lugha inayotumiwa kisha kutathmini athari za mitindo hiyo katika usambazaji wa taarifa kwa umma. Uchunguzi huo umeongozwa na Mkabala wa Reh (2004) unaohusu aina za maandishi ya kijamiilughaulumbi katika jamii zenye wingilugha. Data zilikusanywa kutoka katika tovuti za wizara za serikali ya Tanzania. Tovuti zilizohusishwa ni zile zenye sehemu ya uchaguzi wa lugha ili kuwezesha ulinganishi wa matumizi ya lugha kati ya kurasa za Kiswahili na zile za Kiingereza. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanadhihirisha matumizi ya lugha mseto kati ya Kiswahili na Kiingereza yaliyopo katika mtindo wa ujalizaji. Mtindo huu ni faafu kwa watumiaji wenye uelewa wa lugha zote mbili ilhali kwa wenye uelewa wa lugha moja, yaani Kiswahili au Kiingereza, watapata baadhi tu ya taarifa.Item Uhusiano wa Kiswahili na Kiingereza katika Muktadha wa Kimandhari-lugha Nchini Tanzania: Uchunguzi Kifani wa Eneo la Mlimani City Jijini Dar es Salaam(UTAFITI, 2018) Kidami, Rhoda P.Various languages are used in Tanzanian linguistic landscape. In addition to others, Kiswahili and English are the main languages that are dominant in terms of usage. Sometimes, these two languages are code-mixed on various linguistic levels, such as on morphemes, words, and sentences. However, language relationship, particularly in the context of written texts, does not end at linguistic levels only. Appearance of writings can also give various relationship information between one language and the other. The main objective of this study was to explore how Kiswahili and English languages relate on the context of linguistic landscape using linguistic features such as morphemes, words, and sentences; and non-linguistic features such as language arrangement within texts, colour usage, and font size. Data which has been used to explore relationship of the two languages were commercial advertisements, which used both Kiswahili and English language around Mlimani City area in Dar es Salaam. Data was analyzed using multimodality approach as proposed by Sebba (2012). Sebba proposes the approach to be used to analyze written texts, particularly those from the multilingual societies. The main argument of the approach is that writings appearance can yield a variety of sociolinguistic information, which cannot be obtained in the spoken texts. Thus, Sebba stresses that analysis of the written texts, particularly those found on language landscapes should include both linguistic features and the appearance of the relevant texts. Results of this study show that Kiswahili and English languages complemented each other content wise on the linguistic landscape within the area of study. Further, other features, such as language arrangement, the use of font size, upper and lower cases, and colour made Kiswahili language more dominant and powerful on the commercial advertisement than English language.Item Matumizi ya Lugha katika Mandhari-lugha ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam: Ulinganishi wa Dhima za Kiswahili na Kiingereza(UNAM, 2017) Kidami, Rhoda P.Abstract Numerous studies have been undertaken on the uses of language in the linguistic-landscape of various cities in the world, for instance in Bangkok, Tokyo, Vilnius, Amsterdam, and Gaborone. Those studies revealed that the number of multilingual communities is increasing in the linguistic-landscape, with English use increasing more and more. The question is, what is the language use situation in the linguistic-landscape of Dar es Salaam city? The aim of this paper is to answer that question as well as comparing the functions of Kiswahili and English languages in the linguistic-landscape of Dar es Salaam city. Data were gathered through photographing, interview and observation. The findings of this study revealed the use of seven languages in the area of study. Furthermore, some language functions are similar to both languages (Kiswahili and English) while others are specifically to either Kiswahili or English.Item Maandishi ya Kijamiilughaulumbi katika Mandharilugha ya Jiji la Dar es Salaam: Aina zake na Mdhihiriko wa Taarifa za Kiisimujamii(TUKI, 2020-07) Kidami, Rhoda P.Matumizi ya wingilugha yanazidi kuongezeka katika mandharilugha ya miji mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Kutokana na ongezeko hilo, ni hali ya kawaida kuona maandishi ya kijamiilughaulumbi katika eneo la mandharilugha. Katika nchi ya Tanzania kwa mfano, tafiti zinadhihirisha kuwapo kwa maandishi ya kijamiilughaulumbi kwenye miji kama vile Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Iringa, Kagera, Manyara na Mbeya. Aidha, maandishi ya kijamiilughaulumbi katika mandharilugha yanaweza kuwa katika aina tofautitofauti kutegemeana na jamiilugha husika. Kwa mujibu wa Reh (2004), maandishi hayo yanaweza kuainishwa katika makundi manne ambayo ni urudufishaji fumbato, urudufishaji usofumbato, urudufishaji achanishi, na ujalizaji. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza aina za maandishi ya kijamiilughaulumbi katika mandharilugha ya jiji la Dar es Salaam kwa kutumia mkabala huo wa Reh (2004). Data zilizotumiwa katika utafiti huu ni maandishi yaliyokusanywa kwa njia ya upigaji picha katika maeneo ya Posta na Kariakoo jijini Dar es Salaam. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanadhihirisha kuwapo kwa aina za ujalizaji pamoja na urudufishaji usofumbato huku aina za urudufishaji fumbato na achanishi zikiwa hazijadhihirika.Item Baadhi ya Vipengele vya Uambatizi wa Vitenzi katika Kishambala(TUKI, 2008) Peterson, RhodaUambatizi ni mchakato mmojawapo wa kimofolojia unaohusu uundaji wa maneno. Mchakato huu huhusisha kategoria mbalimbali za maneno, kama vile nomino, vitenzi, vivumishi, vimilikishi, na vioneshi (Kiango, 2000). Vipengele mbalimbali ndani ya kategoria hizo huweza kutofautiana kutoka lugha moja hadi nyingine kutegemeana na sarufi ya lugha husika. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza na kudhihirisha jinsi baadhi ya vipengele vya uambatizi wa vitenzi vinavyojitokeza katika Kishambala. Uchunguzi huu mdogo ni sehemu ya uchunguzi mpana unaolenga kuchambua sarufi ya Kishambala, kazi iliyoanzishwa na wataalamu kadhaa, mmojawapo akiwa marehemu Prof. Besha (1985)Item Usanifishaji wa Kiswahili Afrika Mashariki, Changamoto na Namna ya Kukabiliana nazo(University of Namibia, 2017) Hans, MussaUSANIFISHAJI WA KISWAHILI AFRIKA MASHARIKI, CHANGAMOTO NA NAMNA YA KUKABILIANA NAZO. Mussa M. Hans –mussahans30@gmail.com Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili- Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam Ikisiri Mchakato wa usanifishaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili ulianza siku nyingi, hata kabla nchi za Afrika Mashariki hazijapata uhuru. Baada ya nchi hizi kupata uhuru bado mchakato huo umeendelea japo kwa malengo na mbinu tofauti. Wakati tukiwa tunajadili kuhusu mchakato wa usanifishaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili katika nchi za Afrika Mashariki, ni vema tukatilia maanani kuhusu mfumuko wa istilahi, hasa istilahi zinazohusu maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia ambazo huibuka kila uchao. Aidha, tukumbuke pia kwamba hivi sasa kuna mfumuko wa vyuo vikuu na Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa masomo yanayosomwa na wanafunzi wengi katika vyuo hivyo. Wanafunzi hao kwa yakini wanahitaji vitabu vya kutosha vya marejeo tena vilivyoandikwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili. Wanajumuiya hawa pia wanahitaji kuwa na istilahi kubalifu katika nyanja mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja istilahi za utafiti hasa ukitilia maanani kwamba lugha ya mawasiliano katika ufundishaji wa somo hili ni Kiswahili. Katika mazingira kama haya kuna umuhimu wa kusimamia kwa makini mchakato wa usanifishaji wa istilahi za Kiswahili katika nyanja mbalimbali ndani ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Lengo la makala haya ni kujadili changamoto zinazolikabili zoezi la usanifishaji wa Kiswahili katika jumuiya mpya ya Afrika Mashariki. Makala haya pia yatatoa mapendekezo ya nini kifanyike ili kuwa na matumizi bora ya lugha ya Kiswahili miongoni mwa nchi wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Maneno ya msingi: usanifishaji, Afrika mashariki na changamoto, KiswahiliItem Uhusiano wa Kimatengo na Kindendeule: Ushahidi wa Kiisimu(Institute of Kiswahili Studies, 2017) Hans & Kawonga, Mussa & GervasItem Ulinganishi wa Kimsamiati Baina ya Kiswahili Sanifu na Kimakunduchi(TUKI, 2018) Hans, MussaItem Mchango wa Mwaka Kogwa katika Kuuenzi na Kuundeleza Utamaduni wa Mmakunduchi na Mswahili(TUKI, 2018) Hans, MussaItem Tathmini ya Utekelezaji wa Matamko ya Viongozi Waandamizi wa Serikali Kuhusu Matumizi ya Kiswahili” in Jilala, H ( Ed) Nadharia za Tafsiri, Ukalimani na Uundaji wa Istilahi(Daud Publishing Company Limited, 2017) Hans, MussaItem Asili na Chimbuko la Wazungumzaji wa Kimakunduchi: Hoja za Kihistoria(Institute of Kiswahili Studies, 2014) Hans, Mussa; Hans, MussaItem Athari za Mandhari-lugha kwa Wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama Lugha ya Pili: Mifano kutoka Dar es Salaam, Tanzania(TUKI, 2015) Peterson, RhodaWatafiti mbalimbali wamelihusisha eneo la mandhari-lugha na taaluma ya isimu-jamii. Mathalani kutumia eneo hilo kutathmini mwingiliano na mabadiliko ya lugha katika miji mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Pia kuchunguza kiwango cha jamii-lugha ulumbi katika maeneo mbalimbali. Pamoja na hayo, mandhari-lugha inahusiana pia na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya pili. Hii ni kutokana na kuwa eneo hilo linaweza kuwa kielelezo cha kujifunzia lugha kwani linajumuisha vielelezo halisi kama vile picha, maandishi, na wakati mwingine matumizi ya lugha zaidi ya moja. Lengo hasa la makala hii ni kuchunguza athari za mandhari-lugha kwa wanaojifunza lugha ya pili, hususani Kiswahili. Uchunguzi huu unatazamiwa kusaidia kutambua manufaa au madhara yanayoweza kusababishwa na mandhari-lugha katika mchakato wa kujifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili. Msukumo wa kuandaa makala hii umetokana na kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha inayokua kimatumizi. Lugha hii inatumiwa katika vyombo mbalimbali vya habari ulimwenguni, mikutano ya kimataifa na pia kufundishwa kama somo mojawapo la lugha katika vyuo vikuu mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Hivyo basi, ipo haja ya kufanya tafiti mbalimbali ili kuboresha mbinu za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili.Item Mwingiliano wa Lugha ya Mazungumzo na ya Maandishi katika Uandishi wa Kitaaluma wa Insha za Wanafunzi(TUKI, 2012) Peterson, RhodaLugha ya Mazungumzo na ya Maandishi ni njia tofauti za mawasiliano zinazotumiwa na wanadamu. Hata hivyo baadhi ya sifa za lugha ya mazungumzo hujitokeza katika lugha ya maandishi na za lugha ya maandishi hujitokeza katika lugha ya mazungumzo. Mwingiliano huo husababisha uchanganyaji wa miundo ya njia hizi mbili za mawasiliano kwa baadhi ya waandishi. Lengo la makala haya ni: Mosi, kubainisha sifa za lugha ya mazungumzo na ya maandishi hasa katika kipengele cha muundo. Pili, kuonesha mwingiliano wa sifa hizo na sababu zake. Tatu, kutathmini athari za mwingiliano huo katika uandishi wa kitaaluma wa insha za wanafunzi. Inatarajiwa kuwa makala haya yatasaidia kupanua uelewa wa wanafunzi na waandishi kwa jumla kuhusu taratibu za uandishi, hasa wa kitaaluma.Item MCHANGO, MAENDELEO NA CHANGAMOTO ZINAZOKABILI TAALUMA ZA TAFSIRI NA UKALIMANI KATIKA KISWAHILI(Moi University Press, 2017) Malangwa, Pendo SaluItem Mwalimu J. K. Nyerere1 as an African rewriter: The case of Kiswahili creative translations and rewritings(University of Namibia, 2012) Malangwa, Pendo SaluRewriting, in the narrow sense, is the presentation of works of literature to suit various ideological and poetological ends; it refers to the written process of changing genres. In the broader sense, it includes all forms of transforming a text from one culture or text type to another. In that sense, rewriting places the production and reception of literature within the wider framework of culture and history. Translation is one form of rewriting; it transforms a text written in one source language into another target language. States or their leaders can use rewritings for cultural, political, economical and ideological purposes. JK Nyerere used rewriting as a tool for ideological, social and Cultural Revolution. Moreover, he used rewriting as a technique of mobilizing and influencing his society towards appreciating religious doctrine and African socialism. This paper examines some of JK Nyerere's …Item Mabadiliko ya Maana ya Kitenzi Kata katika Lugha ya Kiswahili(TUKI, University of Dar es Salaam, 2018) Malangwa, Pendo Salu; Kibiki, Magreth JItem CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATING CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN TEACHING KISWAHILI TO FOREIGNERS(TUKI, UNiversity of Dar es Salaam, 2017) Malangwa, Pendo SaluOne of the methods employed in teaching a foreign language is the grammar translation method (Chang, 2011). In teaching Kiswahili to foreigners, teachers use translations from Kiswahili into English and vice versa. However, the common trend in the application of this approach is that teachers usually translate vocabulary and phrases from Kiswahili into English. Since Kiswahili and English vary grammatically, culturally and in terms of terminological developments (Malangwa, 2010), translating Kiswahili cultural expressions into English reveals a serious challenge. There is always a problem of obtaining equivalents for the cultural expressions in the target language. To make the learning process successful, teachers employ descriptive, literal and communicative techniques to translate certain expressions in their Kiswahili classes and in the teaching materials. However, certain concepts are hardly captured in these translations and, consequently, they have multiple or varied equivalents. This article attempts to discuss the challenges of translating Kiswahili cultural expressions in the Kiswahili classrooms and textbooks as well as other materials available for learning. The aim here is to expose the cultural variations between the two languages and the techniques used to handle such challenges. The data for this article has been collected through interviews and documentary reviews and is analyzed using a comparative technique whereas Kiswahili cultural expressions are presented parallel with their proposed English equivalents. The cultural expressions observed are presented under the following sub-headings: a) greetings expressions, b) food and drinks terms, c) kinship terms, d) expressions related to social practice and e) political expressions. It has been concluded through this study that these are the common categories of cultural expressions observed in teaching Kiswahili to foreigners. As a common practice, teachers, while teaching and in the training manuals, apply descriptive and literal translation techniques to handle none equivalent cultural expressions. Despite the application of these techniques, there are problems observed in the translations offered.Item THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CROSS-FERTILISATION PRACTICES IN KISWAHILI TECHNICAL AND SPECIALISED TRANSLATIONS(University of Namibia, 2017-01-01) Malangwa, Pendo SaluAs opposed to interpreters of verbal communication, translators of written texts have ample time for con-sulting, revising, reviewing, discussing, weighing and editing. That means cross-fertilisation with fellow translators, speakers of the language, subject experts, clients as well as text reviewers and/or editors helps them improve the translation process and minimize errors in the final translation. This paper is a practical study of English – Kiswahili translations aimed at showing that collaborative efforts across individuals, organisations, and institutions both locally and internationally can improve the overall translation process and product. The data for this study was collected through observation, documentary review as well as through interview and was then analysed through a comparative method. The discussion draws experience from legal and technical (i.e. computer and web-based) translation into Kiswahili, and further emphasizes that there are areas of improvement in Kiswahili translation and training for time and cost effectiveness. The paper argues that despite the importance of cross-fertilisation in the translation process, Kiswahili translators need to improve their expertise to include specialisations in certain fieldsItem Overcoming the barriers through literal and descriptive translations: Examples of Kanga names(UNAM, 2012) Malangwa, Pendo SaluKanga names are presented using Swahili pithy sayings, riddles and proverbs. The names communicate the culture and philosophy of the Swahili people, especially those dwelling along the coast of the Indian Ocean, their perceptions on women and the way women view themselves. There are attempts to translate these texts from Kiswahili into English for various reasons. Since the texts are cultivated in the Swahili culture and philosophy, establishing equivalents in English is a major challenge. Translators of such texts apply some techniques to achieve their objectives. This paper appreciates the application of literal and descriptive translations in translating these cultural expressions.